from discovery-school
From : Bittinger M. (1968). A Review of Discovery. The Mathematics Teacher, pp. 140-146
The article of Marvin
L.Bittinger “A Review of Discovery” discusses theoretical and practical aspects
of discovery learning as well as discovery in mathematics. Undoubtedly,
Bittinger has carried out a deep research of literature and scientific sources
to make such a review of discovery learning process. The author of the article
analyzes a great number of works concerning discovery learning. Thus he
succeeded to prove that discovery as process and result is an effective method
of learning.
From the very beginning of
the analyzed article, Marvin L.Bittinger introduces different definitions of
the notion of discovery and presents his own view. He supports the ideas of the
scientists who state that discovery as a method includes the following methods:
the inductive, the nonverbal awareness, the incidental learning, the deductive and
the variation methods. Besides, Bittinger explains these methods in an
accessible way giving illustrations of their use by the students in the
learning process.
Concerning the structure of
the article it can be considered as an effective one since it is composed of
chapters what makes the reading easier and more comprehensible.
Theoretical part is based
on the Bruner’s assumption of the benefits of discovery learning which is increasing
of intellectual potency, intrinsic reward, learning of discovery heuristics and
memory conservation. In order to explain the mentioned benefit, the author of
the article uses bright examples of different scholars like Beberman, Suchman,
Ausubel and others. At the same time, Bittinger provides the reader with
contradicting points of view of different scholars giving possibility to choose
what is more applicable to the audience.
Along with the benefits of the
discovery, drawbacks of its use are mentioned in the analyzed article. The
method of discovery learning is a time-consuming process since it is not
possible to wait eternally for discovery.
Practical part of the
article deals with the results of the research in two research areas which are
laboratory and classroom in nature. The author illustrates studies of various
scientists and their experiments on groups of students. It is obvious that
students trained to discover are more fluent than those taught in a traditional
way.
Moreover, a teaching inquiry or discovery is discussed on the ground of
practical results of the researches carried out by different scholars. It makes
the article trustworthy and interesting for the readers.
In the final part of the article Bittinger reviews the place of discovery
in mathematics. The author highlights the number of writers in literature who
also discuss the use and philosophy of discovery in teaching mathematics. Having analyzed different works concerning
the discovery in mathematics, the author makes the conclusion that discovery
should not be overdone
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